How to Distinguish Genuine Biodegradable Bags from Additive-Based Degradable Bags
1. Why is it important to distinguish between biodegradable bags and additive-based bags?
In recent years, the demand for environmentally friendly packaging has been increasing significantly. Consumers are paying more attention to biodegradable bags, aiming to reduce plastic waste and protect the planet. However, the market also contains many products labeled as “biodegradable” that are actually conventional plastic bags with added additives.
This leads to confusion: many customers, and even businesses, find it difficult to distinguish between truly biodegradable bags and additive-based bags—often referred to as “fake biodegradable plastic bags.” Proper identification helps avoid wrong choices and promotes transparency in the packaging market.
2. What are genuine biodegradable bags?
Biodegradable bags are typically made from materials that can naturally decompose, such as:
- Corn starch, cassava starch, or potato starch
- Bioplastics like PLA (Polylactic Acid), PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate)
- Blends of starch and bioplastics
Key characteristics:
- Fully decompose into water, CO₂, and organic biomass under appropriate conditions (such as soil or industrial composting environments)
- Do not leave microplastics
- Usually soft, smooth, and distinguishable by touch
These bags are increasingly encouraged as part of the global green economy, especially in developed countries.
3. What are additive-based degradable bags?
Additive-based bags are essentially conventional plastic bags made from PE or PP, with added degradation additives (commonly called oxo-biodegradable additives). These additives help the plastic break into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat, and oxygen.
Characteristics:
- Still made from traditional plastic materials
- Break down into smaller pieces after use, but do not fully disappear and may leave microplastics
- Degradation time depends on environmental conditions, ranging from months to years
For this reason, these bags are sometimes called “fake biodegradable bags,” as consumers may mistakenly believe they fully decompose like true biodegradable bags.
4. Key differences between biodegradable bags and additive-based bags
You can distinguish these two types based on the following criteria:
- Materials:
- Biodegradable bags: made from starch, PLA, PBAT
- Additive-based bags: made from conventional PE/PP with additives
- Degradation process:
- Biodegradable bags: fully decompose into organic matter, leaving no microplastics
- Additive-based bags: fragment into smaller pieces, potentially leaving microplastics
- Surface feel:
- Biodegradable bags: softer, slightly rough, may have a mild starch-like smell
- Additive-based bags: smooth and glossy like regular plastic bags
- International certifications:
- Genuine biodegradable bags may have certifications such as OK Compost, EN13432, ASTM D6400
- Additive-based bags usually do not meet these standards
5. Practical ways to identify them
While laboratory testing is not always feasible, here are some basic methods:
- Visual inspection:
- Biodegradable bags are often matte and less glossy; they tear more easily when stretched
- Additive-based bags look almost identical to regular plastic bags
- Check printed information:
- Genuine biodegradable bags often display international certification logos
- If the bag only states “degradable” or “self-decomposing” without clear certification, it is likely additive-based
- Burning test or smell (only if necessary and done safely):
- Biodegradable bags may smell like corn or starch when burned
- Additive-based bags retain the typical plastic smell
- Supplier credibility:
- Reliable suppliers provide transparent material information and certification documents
- Low-cost, unverified products are often additive-based bags
6. Market reality: Why is there so much confusion?
The main reasons for confusion include:
- Marketing language: many products claim “biodegradable” but are only “degradable”
- Cost differences: genuine biodegradable bags are usually 2–3 times more expensive than additive-based bags
- Lack of knowledge: many people do not fully understand how degradation processes work
This creates a mixed market where customers struggle to make informed decisions.
7. What should businesses do to choose the right type of bag?
For businesses, choosing the right packaging affects not only brand image but also environmental responsibility.
Suggestions:
- Define your goals:
- For short-term, cost-effective solutions: additive-based bags may be acceptable
- For long-term sustainability: genuine biodegradable bags are recommended
- Request documentation from suppliers:
- Verify certifications and testing reports
- Be cautious with products labeled only as “degradable” without recognized standards
- Balance cost and brand image:
- Using genuine biodegradable bags enhances a green brand image and aligns with global trends
- However, costs should be considered, and hybrid solutions may be applied
8. Conclusion
Distinguishing between genuine biodegradable bags and additive-based degradable bags is essential to avoid confusion in the market. Genuine biodegradable bags are made from natural materials and fully decompose, while additive-based bags only fragment and may leave microplastics.
Consumers, retailers, supermarkets, and businesses should understand these differences to make informed decisions. The key is not only cost, but also brand credibility, environmental commitment, and long-term sustainability.
